专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷85 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 5. Reading Comprehension
Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Many mammals live through the winter by hibernating (冬眠). There is a nice problem of definition here. Most experts now agree that a mammal can be said to hibernate only if body temperature drops greatly and its whole metabolism —including respiration and heart rate—is much reduced. This is the case with animals like the woodchucks, hamsters, and hedgehogs, which hibernate in their burrows , and bats, which gather in caves. Bears, however, are not classed as hibernators. They pass most of the winter sleeping, but their body temperature drops only a few degrees, and they can become active without going through a slow process of warming up. Bears, relying on fat reserves to keep them going, even produce their young during this period. Mammals are warm-blooded, that is, they have a means of keeping the temperature of their bodies quite constant despite the normal temperature changes of the outside world. Cold-blooded animals, fish, reptiles, insects, amphibians, also have a certain amount of control over their body temperature. They can warm up, if they are too cold, by sunning themselves, or cool off by getting into the shade. But it is hard for cold-blooded animals to keep warm in the winter. For any animal to be active, its body temperature must be above freezing. This is because the chemistry of life depends on water in a liquid state. If the body actually freezes, the whole system is disrupted and the animal dies. So cold-blooded animals in the north must either find some place to spend the winter where temperatures do not reach the freezing points, or develop a special resting stage in which the water content of the protoplasm (原生质) is much reduced. This will make its freezing point much lower than usual. Thus animals about to hibernate often dig down into the soil.
1． Most experts agree that true hibernation involves________. A．sleeping through the winter
B．reduced heart rate and temperature C．decrease in water content of the body D．spending the winter in burrows or caves
正确答案：B
解析：文章第一段中“Most experts now agree that a mammal can be said to hibernate only if body temperature drops greatly and its whole metabolism—including respiration and heart rate—is much reduced．”其中涉及“body temperature
drops greatly”和“metabolism”与选项中的“reduced heart rate and temperature”相对应，因此B为正确答案。 知识模块：阅读理解
2． Bears can pass most of the winter sleeping because they________. A．are hibernators
B．have a low body temperature C．have a sufficient reserve of fat
D．have a slow process of warming up
正确答案：C 解析：“Bears，relying on fat reserves to keep them going，even produce their young during this period．”由此可知C项是符合的，故选C。 知识模块：阅读理解
3． Cold-blooded animals are so called because they________. A．can not keep their body temperature constant
B．can not warm up their body temperature in the winter C．can cool themselves off by getting into a shade D．are not active in the winter
正确答案：A
解析：文章没有具体给出“cold—blooded animal”的定义，但给出了“warm—blooded animal”的定义：Mammals are warm—blooded，that is，they have a means of keeping the temperature of their bodies quite constant despite the normal temperature changes of the outside world.故可判断出“cold—blooded animal”的定义应与之相反。另外给出的“cold—blooded animal”的例子也可知其义，故正确答案为A。 知识模块：阅读理解
4． It is implied that the body temperature of a cold-blooded animal________. A．is lower than that of a warm-blooded animal B．is always very cold
C．stays at a fairly constant level
D．changes in response to air temperature
正确答案：D
解析：从文章第二段“They can warm up，if they are too cold，by sunning themselves，or cool off by getting into the shade．”可知，冷血动物的体温是随外界而变化的，因此D为正确答案。 知识模块：阅读理解
5． The reduction of the water content of an animal’s body protoplasm will enable the animal ______.
A．to reduce its body temperature
B．to survive the freezing temperature in the winter C．to dig down deep into the soil
D．to stay completely motionless
正确答案：B
解析：从文章第二段“So cold—blooded animals in the north must either find some place to spend the winter where temperatures do not reach the freezing points，or develop a special resting stage in which the water content of the protoplasm(原生质)is much reduced．”说明冷血动物要么找一个不低于零点的地方过冬，要么减少动物身体原生质的水分。由此可以判断，若减少动物身体原生质的水分，动物
可以在零点的地方过冬。因此正确答案为B。 知识模块：阅读理解
Real policemen, both in Britain and in the United States, hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see about themselves on TV. The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer. Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal. As soon as he is arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks where—failure to produce results will affect the reputation of the police—little effort is spent on searching. The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of evidence. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of people who act guilty of crimes. A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures; first as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality; secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.
6． It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law so that he can________.
A．arrest criminals in the street B．justify his arrests in court
C．know as much law as a professional lawyer D．justify himself on TV
正确答案：B
解析：文章第二段中“Most of his training is in criminal law．He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court．”其中选项B正是此句的意思，只是换了一种说法。 知识模块：阅读理解
7． Only when very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks occur, will the police________.
A．show up their elaborate machinery B．fail to produce results
C．spend a lot of effort in finding the criminals D．pay attention to their reputation
正确答案：C 解析：文章第三段中已知，“In real life，finding criminals is seldom much of a problem．Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks where—failure to produce results will affect the reputation of the police—little effort is spent on searching．”一般情况下找到罪犯不成问题，只有在非常重大的案件时，才需要花费更多的努力来寻找罪犯。此句的关键是把except读出来。 知识模块：阅读理解
8． “Most wanted men” in the third paragraph refers to________. A．the most dangerous criminals B．most of the witnesses wanted
C．the majority of those the police are searching for D．the men the police are most interested in arresting
正确答案：C
解析：第三段中“The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men．”和上文结合起来可推出C是正确答案。 知识模块：阅读理解
9． The real detective lives in an unpleasant moral twilight because he________. A．is an expensive public servant B．often feels rather depressed
C．is obliged to break the law in order to preserve it D．must always behave with absolute legality
正确答案：C
解析：从文章最后一句话中“as expensive public servants they have to get results．They can hardly ever do both．Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways．”可知C为正确答案。 知识模块：阅读理解
10． Which of the following statements is true according to this passage? A．In real life, finding criminals is one of the policemen’s greatest problems. B．The detective’s work is over once the arrest has been done.
C．The policeman spends a great deal of time finding evidence to support his arrests.
D．The policeman devotes most of his working life to searching for criminals.
正确答案：C
解析：从文章第三段“He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of evidence．”因此正确答案为C。 知识模块：阅读理解
A number of recent studies suggest that children are experiencing a high degree of anxiety over the prospect of nuclear war. I am sure there are children who are deeply concerned, even terrified, by the perceived threat of nuclear destruction, but I wonder whether this is not caused in part by the way they are exposed to this subject. If we are going to do research, I think some of it should extend to the emotional health of parents who bring their children up with these fears. Some of the most ardent disarmament proponents seem to be sorely lacking in common sense when it comes to child-rearing: The young ages of some of these frightened children indicate that they are receiving their nuclear-war information directly from their parents long before they are able to read books, magazines or newspapers on the subject, or even before they would voluntarily choose to view televised reports and programs on the subject. No one can be comfortable expecting the prospect of nuclear war. It is a global problem that does exist, must be acknowledged and should be addressed by individuals and their governments. But life cannot stop in the meantime; children must have their childhood if they are to grow into emotionally healthy adults. Can they really do so if they are preoccupied with death; if in response to concerns thrust upon them by their misguided parents, they place the fear of nuclear war before every other concern in their lives?
11． Why does the author say that some of the most ardent disarmament proponents “seem to be lacking in common sense when it comes to child-rearing” ?
A．Because it is harmful to the emotional growth of the young children to tell them so many terrifying scenes.
B．Because they probably have no children of their own.
C．Because they are not aware that their efforts will prove useless.
D．Because they often differ in opinions as to how they should raise their children.
正确答案：A
解析：文章提到“The young ages of some of these frightened children indicate that they are receiving their nuclear-war information directly from their parents long before they are able to read books，magazines or news—papers on the subject，or even before they would voluntarily choose to view televised reports and programs on the subject．”故选A。 知识模块：阅读理解
12． Which of the following is the source from which pre-school children learn about nuclear war?
A．Newspapers and magazines.
B．Books.
C．TV reports and programs. D．Their parents.
正确答案：D
解析：根据文章第二段中“If we are going to do research，I think some of it should extend to the emotional health of parents who bring their children up with these fears．”可知是父母过早地给学前儿童灌输了对于核战争的恐慌。 知识模块：阅读理解
13． The author implies that so much exposure to the threat of nuclear war will cause the children ______.
A．to be mentally unhealthy
B．to commit suicide during their childhood C．to distrust their parents D．to fear everything
正确答案：A
解析：文章第三段开头“No one can be comfortable expecting the prospect of nuclear war．”而后又提到“But life cannot stop in the meantime；children must have their childhood if they are to grow into emotionally healthy adults．”因此可判断A是正确答案。 知识模块：阅读理解
14． The last sentence of this passage implies that_________. A．children in the United States have misguided their parents B．children in the United States thrust upon their parents great concern over their future
C．children deeply concerned about death can not grow into emotionally healthy adults
D．children should be taught to place the fear of nuclear war before every other concern
正确答案：C
解析：根据此话的前一句“But life cannot stop in the meantime；children must have their childhood if they are to grow into emotionally healthy adults．”可知正确答案是C。 知识模块：阅读理解
15． The best title of the passage would be________. A．Save Our Children in a Proper Way B．Is Nuclear War So Terrible? C．Why Terrify Our Children? D．The Prospect of Nuclear War
正确答案：C
解析：从文章结构可以看出，文章最先列举一个现象，而后又解释了这个现象的原因，在文章末尾处提出作者的观点，以反问来强调作者的意图。所以C更能成为文章的题目。 知识模块：阅读理解
The outside world begins creeping into the school when the children reach the age of 13 and older, the age when they begin to make subject choices and when, according to a careers officer, they know if they’re a scientific lot or more inclined to the arts. The difficult part is bringing the outside world to life with all its opportunities and realities. Schools are handicapped because they are staffed by people who only know about schools. Careers services are heavily influenced by what is readily available in the area, which may be sausage-making(香肠制造) in Wiltshire of ship-building in Clydeside. Somewhere out in the world there are snail (蜗牛) geneticists (遗传学家) and landscape gardeners and girls who polish Elizabeth Taylor’s diamonds, but the careers officer knows little of them. What he knows about is engineering and hairdressing and opportunities in the Army. It is not surprising that this constant friction between grand aspirations (抱负) and uninspired reality produces cynicism (玩世不恭，愤世嫉俗) in both parties. Wherever they work, sixteen and seventeen-year-olds can find themselves used as cheap labor, picking things up off floors, fetching and carrying. Some are paid a reasonable wage but it is quite possible to be paid only pocket-money. That’s in the living-in jobs like hotel work. There is a small breakthrough of girls into traditionally male preserves like agriculture, but that may be because very few boys now would put up with the low wages. Most girls, despite women’s liberation, head straight for hairdressing, nursing or office work and dream of being swept off their feet by the boss.
16． In what sense does the author say the outside world begins “creeping into schools” when children first make subject choices?
A．Children begin to become interested in careers possibly open to them. B．Children know what they are good at science or arts.
C．Children start to make constant contact with careers officers.
D．Children start to be concerned with what occupations they will be able to obtain.
正确答案：A 解析：文章第一段“the age when they begin to make subject choices and when，according to a careers officer，they know if they’re a scientific lot or more inclined to the arts．”因此正确答案为A。 知识模块：阅读理解
17． The result of the present staffing arrangements in schools is________. A．teachers can concentrate on teaching
B．schools can offer little help in finding career opportunities C．students are well prepared for whatever jobs they will get D．students leave school unqualified
正确答案：B
解析：文章第一段“Schools are handicapped because they are staffed by people who only know about schools．”故选B。 知识模块：阅读理解
18． According to the passage, the youth become cynical because________. A．they feel they are misled by careers officers
B．they can’t accomplish in reality their strong desires to become scientists or to do something great
C．what they learn at school is quite different from what they see in society D．they are treated unfairly in society
正确答案：B 解析：“Careers services are heavily influenced by what is readily available in the area，which may be sausage—making(香肠制造)in Wiltshire of ship—building in Clydeside．Somewhere out in the world there are snail(蜗牛)geneticists(遗传学家)and landscape gardeners and girls who polish Elizabeth Taylor’s diamonds，but the careers officer knows little of them．”此题关键读出最后一一句话的含义，故选B。 知识模块：阅读理解
19． According to the author, some girls start to engage in agriculture________. A．because they think they can do what boys can do B．because they have no other alternatives C．because there lie new career opportunities
D．because that’s exactly what the Women’s Liberation Movement advocates
正确答案：D
解析：文中先点出“…a small breakthrough of girls…like agriculture…”接下来又提及“despite women’s liberation”，说明虽然大部分年轻的妇女仍从事传统性的妇女职业，而这部分从事农业的年轻女子，很可能是在身体力行“Woman’s Liberation Movement”的主张。 知识模块：阅读理解
20． A suitable title for the passage might be________. A．The Gloomy Job Situation for the Youth B．The Difficulties in Job Hunting for the Youth C．The Disability of Careers Officers
D．The Friction between Aspirations and Reality
正确答案：B 解析：纵观全文可知，尤其是第二段的事例说明青年人在选择工作方面的困难。因此正确答案为B。 知识模块：阅读理解
The aim of the teacher is to get his pupils as quickly as possible over the period in which each printed symbol is looked at for its shape, and arrive at the stage
when the pupil looks at words and phrases, for their meaning, almost without noticing the shapes of the separate letters. When a good reader is at work, he does not look at letters, nor even at words, one by one, however quickly; he takes in the meaning of two, three, or four words at a time, in a single moment. Watch carefully the eyes of a person who is reading, and it will be seen that they do not travel smoothly along the lines of print, but they move by jumps separated by very short stops. The eyes of a very good reader move quickly taking long jumps and making very short halts; the eyes of a poor reader move more slowly, taking only short jumps and stopping longer at each halt. Sometimes, when he meets a difficulty, he even goes backwards to see again what has already been looked at once. The teacher’s task is therefore clear: it is to train his pupils to take in several words at a glance (one “eye-jump”) and to remove the necessity for going backwards to read something a second time. This shows at once that letter-by-letter, or syllable-by-syllable (音节) or word-by-word reading, with the finger pointing to the word, carefully fixing each one in turn, is wrong. It is wrong because such a method ties the pupil’s eyes down to a very short jump, and the aim is to train for the long jump. Moreover, a very short jump is too short to provide any meaning or sense; and it will be found that having struggled with three or four words separately, the pupil has to look at them again, all together and in one group, in order to get the meaning of the whole phrase.
21． Which of the following is closest in meaning to the first paragraph?
A．Pupils should be trained to reach quickly the stage of reading without having to concentrate on the separate symbols.
B．Pupils should look at each printed symbol for its meaning as well as for its shape.
C．Teachers should help their pupils avoid looking at the shape of the printed symbols.
D．Teachers should tell their pupils the different stages of their study.
正确答案：A
解析：文章第一段最后一句话“…almost without noticing the shapes of the separate letters”，与选项A一致。 知识模块：阅读理解
22． In a single moment, a good reader picks up________. A．several words B．several phrases C．several sentences D．several lines
正确答案：A
解析：文章第二段中“he takes in the meaning of two，three，or four words at a time，in a single moment”，“take in the meaning”与题目中的“pick up”是同义，所以选A。 知识模块：阅读理解
23． According to the passage, which of the following is FALSE? A．The eyes of a good reader make short halts and long jumps.
B．The eyes of a bad reader take in the meaning of one word at a time. C．The eyes of a bad reader take only short jumps. D．The eyes of a good reader move steadily.
正确答案：D
解析：文章第二段中“The eyes of a very good reader move quickly taking long jumps and making very short halts；the eyes of a poor reader move more slowly，taking only short jumps and stopping longer at each halt．”可知选项D中的“move steadily”与此句话意思相反。 知识模块：阅读理解
24． One may have to read something a second time if________. A．there is enough time B．one reads too fast
C．the passage is very long D．one reads word by word
正确答案：D 解析：从第二段末尾“when he meets a difficulty，he even goes backwards to see again what has already been looked at once．”可知“go backward to see again”与题目中的“read something a second time”意思一致。这就是“poor reader”的表现，所以选D。 知识模块：阅读理解
25． The main idea of the last paragraph is that________. A．word-by-word reading is highly inefficient B．the pupil’s eyes should focus on groups of syllables instead of single syllables C．pupils have to move their eyes back and forth when reading
D．finger-pointing in reading helps the pupil concentrate on meaning
正确答案：A 解析：从文章对两种阅读方法的比较及文章最后段落可知，文章主要是表明逐字阅读是非常低效的。故选A。 知识模块：阅读理解
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容